Abstract: In order to explore the distribution law of spontaneous combustion of "three zones" in goaf under different ventilation volume and gas conditions, taking 131303 working face in 15^# coal seam of Xinji No.1 Coal Mine as the research object, the mathematical model of multi-field coupling in goaf was established, and COMSOL software was used to simulate the distribution characteristics of spontaneous combustion of "three zones" in goaf under different ventilation and gas conditions. The results show that with the increase of the ventilation speed, the width of the oxidation zone on the air inlet side and air return side of the goaf increases significantly, the gap between the width of the oxidation zone on the air inlet side and the air return side becomes smaller; the width of oxidation zone decreases significantly with the increase of gas emission intensity and increases significantly with the increase of ventilation resistance; the smaller the intensity of gas emission, the more significant the influence of ventilation resistance on the width of oxidation zone.