Abstract: In order to reveal the variation law of overlying strata influenced by mining, taking the geological conditions of 1232(1) fully mechanized working face in Xieqiao Coal Mine of Huainan Mining Group as the engineering background, the stress characteristics of roof surrounding rock in fully mechanized working face were studied by means of similar material simulation experiment and theoretical analysis. The results of similarity simulation show that with the continuous progress of the coal mining face, the peak value of the internal stress and the advanced bearing pressure of coal mass in front of the working face increase continuously, and the maximum dependent variable of the advanced bearing pressure up to the peak vale at each monitoring point of the roof surrounding rock in the working face increases from 14 to 292 when the working face is pushed from 30 m to 150 m; the coal and rock mass in front of the working face has experienced the process from original rock stress to stress increase and then to stress decrease, in which the original rock stress area is beyond the range of 80 m, the stress increase area is between 10 m and 80 m, and the pressure decrease area is within the range of 10 m; with the advance of mining, each area gradually transfers to the interior, for the coal and rock mass with little geological change, the three areas will gradually expand and move forward, but the overall range of change is not large. The study can provide theoretical guidance for the actual mining of medium and thick coal seam.