Abstract: In order to explore the coal seepage law and damage mechanism under the influence of cold and thermal shock, high and low temperature system and triaxial seepage system were used to conduct impact tests on water-saturated coal samples under different temperature conditions. The structural damage evolution of water-saturated coal samples after cold and thermal shock treatment was located and quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the permeability of coal samples increased by different cold and thermal shock temperatures, and the increase range is 20.59% to 253.26%. However, the permeability increase of coal body under different pore pressures is not positively correlated with temperature gradient, but shows a low-high-low trend. Under temperature shock, the thermal stress and water-ice phase transition of water-saturated coal body produce frost heaving force. The damage to the lower internal structure is significant. In the process of cold and thermal shock, the greater the temperature gradient, the greater the expansion of pores and fractures, and the more significant deterioration of coal structure. The mesoscopic damage to coal body caused by cold and thermal shock is relatively complex, and the newly formed main fractures are distributed in an “S” shape, which has a significant effect on coal seam cracking.