Abstract: The resonance of downhole accessories for rotary drilling may damage the accessories for rotary drilling and even cause downhole accidents, so it is necessary to measure the downhole vibration in real time. However, the current conventional power supply methods of downhole batteries and cables will reduce the drilling efficiency, so sensors with downhole power generation function will be more suitable for actual operation condition. In view of this situation, a self-powered vibration sensor is developed, which uses the vibration condition to induce mutual friction between the nanomaterials inside the sensor to generate electricity, and uses the corresponding relationship between the friction signal and the vibration signal to measure the vibration. The indoor test results show that the output signal amplitude of the sensor can reach 7.3 V, the maximum output power is about 0.84μW, the vibration measurement range is 0 Hz to 13 Hz, the vibration measurement error is less than 5%, and the sensor can work normally in the temperature range of less than 250?. The research results can provide some reference for the researchers of downhole power generation and downhole ultra-high temperature sensor technology.