Abstract: When the light scattering method is used to measure the dust concentration for a long time, the measurement accuracy will be decreased due to the pollution of the optical lens.Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the principle of light scattering and β-ray dust detection, a dust detection technology based on the fusion of light scattering and β-ray method was proposed.Kalman filter fusion algorithm was used to improve the measurement accuracy, and Matlab software was used for numerical simulation analysis.The results show that the Kalman filter data fusion algorithm can reduce the error variance of sample data by 55.5%.The relative average of the fusion algorithm ξ is ≤10.00%, which is 3.16% less than that of the single light scattering method.