Abstract: In order to prevent the occurrence of coal mine gas explosion accidents, it is necessary to identify hazard sources, analyze the root causes of such incidents, and implement control measures for their causal factors.This study investigates the advantages and implementation process of RCA (Root Cause Analysis) in analyzing coal mine gas explosion accidents.It introduces the AHP-RCA analysis method and applies tools such as brain storming and fishbone diagrams in combination with actual cases, analyzing the patterns and common issues in coal mine gas explosions to identify their underlying causes.Building on this foundation, the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) is employed to construct a hierarchical model of the causative factors in coal mine gas explosion accidents.A quantitative analysis of these causative factors is then conducted by establishing judgment matrices, calculating their eigenvectors and weights, ultimately identifying the primary causes leading to gas explosion accidents.The results show that the AHP-RCA analysis method breaks through the limitations of traditional accident tree analysis, and realizes the priority of causal factors through weighting, in which human factors and management factors are the main disaster factors, so the rectification measures and suggestions are put forward for the safety management of on-the-job personnel to better carry out accident prevention.