Abstract: To address the current unreasonable gas extraction conditions in coal mines and achieve intelligent negative pressure control of the underground gas extraction pipe network, a novel negative pressure regulation method based on valve opening optimization is proposed to enhance the gas extraction capacity of the pipe network. Based on the structure of the gas extraction pipe network and the characteristics of gas flow, a network calculation model is established combining optimization algorithms to optimize valve openings. Meanwhile, the pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm is improved by introducing a general learning factor to enhance its overall search capability; it also incorporates individual historical optimal terms and adjusts the center position to strengthen local optimization. Taking the extraction area of the Liuzhuang Coal Mine in Anhui's western section as an example, after optimization, the negative pressure at all gas source ends remains stable within the set range, the air leakage at the pipe network inlet is reduced by 2.323 kg/s, and the gas mass concentration increases to 1.63 times that of the original plan. Through a combination of simulation experiments and practical application, a feasible solution for efficient gas extraction by coal mine pipe networks is provided.