Abstract: Dust is a major factor causing air pollution and poses significant threats to the ecological environment and human health. Dust concentration monitoring aims to quantitatively determine the level of dust contamination in workplaces and the concentration of dust per unit volume to which workers are actually exposed, using automated technical means. Conducting dust concentration monitoring enables effective assessment of the working environment quality and scientific evaluation of the health hazards posed by dust. This study systematically reviews the research status, development trends, and existing challenges in dust concentration monitoring technology. Based on an elaboration of the principles of typical monitoring techniques, such as the charge induction method and the light scattering method, a literature review and analysis are conducted focusing on two aspects: environmental total dust concentration monitoring and individual respirable dust concentration monitoring. In light of the practical application of dust concentration monitoring technology in industrial production, the technical bottlenecks and current challenges in this field are further discussed. Finally, the future development directions and key research priorities for dust concentration monitoring technology are proposed.