Abstract: Aiming at the key problem of high-temperature heat damage in deep mines, it is significant to develop efficient and sustainable mining thermal insulation materials to improve the operating environment and promote green mine construction. The orthogonal test method was adopted to study the influence of bamboo material morphology, content and length on the thermal insulation performance and compressive strength of concrete composite thermal insulation materials. Through the efficacy coefficient method, we select samples with the optimal balance between insulation performance and mechanical properties to determine the best ratio. Based on a self-designed high-temperature tunnel simulation device, similar simulation tests were conducted to analyze the effects of insulation layer thickness and surrounding rock temperature on material performance, further verifying the cooling effect of the developed insulation materials in high-temperature mine roadways. The results show that the bamboo material form has the greatest influence on the key performance indexes of insulating materials, followed by content, while length shows the least effect; the optimal sample uses 0.5% content of 25 mm bamboo fibers, demonstrating 28.74% improved insulation performance and 124.26% higher compressive strength than the control group; laying an optimized thermal insulation layer can effectively slow down heat dissipation from the surrounding rock, reduce the heat transfer rate to the roadway, and decrease the temperature difference within the roadway. This demonstrates the feasibility of bamboo-blonded composite thermal insulation materials as mining insulation materials.