Abstract: This study addresses the challenges of accurately locating trapped personnel during underground mine disasters and reviews recent advances in life detection technologies for mine rescue operations. It highlights the potential of proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) as a promising solution for precise search and rescue. By comparing the principles, strengths, and limitations of electronic noses, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS), and selective ion flow tube mass spectrometry(SIFT-MS), the study finds that PTR-MS offers superior real-time monitoring, sensitivity, and compound identification. These advantages make PTR-MS well-suited for detecting trace levels of human-specific volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in mine disaster environments. The study proposes a PTR-MS-based detection technique for mine borehole rescue operations. This approach involves establishing baseline gas characteristics in disaster environments to develop an indicator system for locating trapped individuals. It also recommends the use of ground-based directional drilling combined with a pre-concentration adsorption sampling system to improve the detection of trace VOCs. Additionally, the study examines gas diffusion patterns in confined spaces to construct concentration gradients and develop methods for source tracing. PTR-MS life-signature detection technology enables more accurate localization of trapped personnel, supports innovative search-and-rescue strategies, and contributes to the development of a mine borehole rescue system centered on accurate detection, rapid decision-making, and efficient response.